Battery Types_Lithium-ion Battery

About Lithium-ion Battery

Custom lithium-ion battery packs are widely applied in a wide range of industries, covering consumer electronic devices, smart home appliances, light power equipment such as power tools, toys, aerial models, UAVs, medical instruments, AGV robots and automotive auxiliary power systems.

They are also compatible with various lighting devices including emergency lights, industrial illumination, outdoor lighting fixtures and mining lamps. In addition, our batteries fit well for surveying instruments, detection devices, RFID terminals, barcode scanners, portable printers, POS machines and other customized intelligent equipment.

What is Li-ion Battery?

Li-ion battery, short for lithium-ion battery, is a widely adopted rechargeable energy storage battery. When the battery releases power, lithium ions transfer from the negative electrode to the positive electrode, and reverse the migration direction during the charging cycle.

Unlike disposable lithium batteries that contain pure lithium metal, lithium-ion batteries rely on embedded intercalated lithium compounds as core electrode materials.

The Development of Li-ion Battery

1991 – Sony and Asahi Kasei released the first commercial lithium-ion battery.

1996 – John Goodenough, Akshaya Padhi and coworkers proposed lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) and other phospho-olivines (lithium metal phosphates with the same structure as mineral olivine) as positive electrode materials.

2001 – Zhonghua Lu and Jeff Dahn file a patent for the lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) class of positive electrode materials, which offers safety and energy density improvements over the widely used lithium cobalt oxide.

2002 – Yet-Ming Chiang and his group at MIT showed a substantial improvement in the performance of lithium batteries by boosting the material’s conductivity by doping it with aluminium, niobium and zirconium. The exact mechanism causing the increase became the subject of widespread debate.

2004 – Chiang again increased performance by utilizing lithium iron(II)phosphate particles of less than 100 nanometers in diameter. This decreased particle density almost one hundredfold, increased the positive electrode’s surface area and improved capacity and performance. Commercialization led to a rapid growth in the market for higher capacity LIBs, as well as a patent infringement battle between Chiang and John Goodenough.

2011 – lithium-ion batteries accounted for 66% of all portable secondary (i.e., rechargeable) battery sales in Japan.

2012 – John Goodenough, Rachid Yazami and Akira Yoshino received the 2012 IEEE Medal for Environmental and Safety Technologies for developing the lithium ion battery.

2014 – commercial batteries from Amprius Corp. reached 650 Wh/L (a 20% increase), using a silicon anode and were delivered to customers.The National Academy of Engineering recognized John Goodenough, Yoshio Nishi, Rachid Yazami and Akira Yoshino for their pioneering efforts in the field.

As of 2016, global lithium-ion battery production capacity was 28 gigawatt-hours, with 16.4 GWh in China.

Li-ion Battery Classification

Classification by Cathode Material / Pro /Con /Application:

Item	Anode Material	Chemical Formula	Nominal Voltage	PRO	CON	Application	Commercialized
1	Lithium Cobalt Oxide	LiCoO2	3.7V	High Capacity	Moderate Drain Rate	Cell Phone	1991
					Moderate Safety	Laptops
					Moderate Life Span	Cameras
2	Lithium Manganese Oxide	LiMn2O4	3.7V	Safe	Lower Capacity	Power Tools	1999
				High Power		EV( Electric Vehicle)
				Long Life		Medical
3	Lithium Titanate	Li4Ti5O12	2.4V	High Power	Lower cell voltage	Buses	2008
				Fast Charge (10C) less than 10 min		Grid
				Good Low Temp. Performance		Forklift
				Long Cycle Life
4	Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide	LiNiMnCoO2	3.7V	Safe	Lower Capacity	Power Tools	2008
				Can be high power		EV( Electric Vehicle)
				Long Life		Medical
						Hobby
5	Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide	LiNiCoAlO2	3.7V	High Capacity	Higher Cost	Portable Devices	1999
				High Power	Not safe as LiMn2O4 & LiFePO4	EV ( Electric Vehicle)
				Long Life Span		Smart Grid

Li-ion Battery Classification By Shape

Lithium-ion cells are made in various sizes, often assembled into packs for portable equipment. Mainly cylindrical ( steel shell )and prismatic (aluminium shell) .

Most of our battery cells come integrated with internal protective circuits, offering reliable defense from over-discharge conditions and short-circuit hazards. The installation of protection components will lead to a minor increase in battery length. As a reference, regular 18650 cells measure roughly 65 mm long, whereas protected cells usually extend to around 68 mm. Specialized chargers designed for corresponding battery types are required to guarantee secure and efficient charging performance.

Universal digital size codes are applied to describe the geometric parameters of cylindrical batteries, referencing the coding standard for disposable lithium button cells. High-capacity rechargeable cells normally adopt 5-digit dimension codes. The initial two digits express cell diameter in millimeters, and the latter three digits represent battery height in units of 0.1 mm.

Cylindrical packaging is widely adopted for mainstream lithium-ion battery cells. With abundant optional specifications, they can fully fulfill various customized needs on dimension parameters and energy capacity.

Names		Typical capacity	Dimensions in mm		Comments
ID	Other common	Typical capacity	Diameter	Length	Comments
8570		280	8.5	57	Used in some Electronic cigarettes.
10180	Lithium ion ⅓AAA	90	10	18	Sometimes called ⅓ AAA. Used in tiny flashlights.
10280	Lithium ion ⅔AAA	200	10	28	Used in small flashlights.
10440	Lithium ion AAA	340	10	44	Same size as AAA cell.
14250	Lithium ion ½ AA	300	14	25	Same size as ½ AA cell. Used in the flashlight Lummi RAW
14430	Lithium ion ½ AA	400	14	43	Used in solar garden lights, used in rechargeable shavers (e.g., some Philips/Norelco).
14500	Lithium-ion AA	700–800	14	53	Same size as AA cell. Some types with a protection circuit are longer. Used in many LED flashlights.
14650		940-1600	14	65	Approximately ¾ the length of a AA cell.
15270		450–600	15	27	Substitute for CR2 primary lithium. Nominal voltage usually is 3V.
16340		500–1000	16	34	Alternate substitute for CR123A primary lithium.Unprotected. (16 × 36, some protected versions).
16650		1600–2700	16	65	Made by Sanyo and a few others, narrower version of 18650 cells.
RCR123A	17340, R123,RCR123	750	17	34.5	Protected version, same size as, and substitute for, CR123 primary lithium for cameras and flashlights. Size ⅔A.
RCR123A	23A, Tenergy 30200	750	17	34.5
17500	A	1100	17	50	The same size as an A cell, and 1.5 times the length of a CR123A.
17670		1250	17	67	Twice the length of a standard CR123A.
18350		700–1200	18	35
18490		800–1300	18	49
18500		2000	18	50	About the same length as an AA cell, but larger diameter.
18650	168A	1500–3600	18	65	This cell type is used in many laptop computer batteries, cordless power tools, certain electric cars, electronic cigarettes, and LED flashlights.
20700		3000–4000	20	70	Introduced by Sanyo/Panasonic for use in portable power tools as higher-power and higher-capacity successor for 18650 cells.
21700	21-70, 2170	4200–5000	21	70	Announced by Samsung and LG Chem in 2015 for electric bikes.As of January 5, 2017 currently being produced at Tesla Gigafactory 1 for Tesla Model 3.
25500		2500–5000	25	50	About the same dimension as a C cell.
26650		3300–5200	26	65	Popular size as ANR26650 LiFePO 4 cell from A123 Systems for radio control hobby use. Also used in larger, high-powered LED flashlights.
32600		3000–6000	32	60	About the same dimension as a D cell.

For prismatic aluminum cell, there are so many types. Here we’ll show you the main.

Prismatic Cells:	Thickness	Width	Length	Nominal Capacity
103450	10	34	50	1.95 Ah
63450	6.3	34	50	1.035 Ah
53448	5.3	34	48	0.94 Ah
53048	5.35	30	48	0.81 Ah

Li-ion Battery Applications

Our lithium-ion batteries are extensively applied in various fields, including Consumer Electronics, Intelligent Home Appliances, Light Power Equipment (electric tools, toys, electronic cigarettes, model aircraft, UAVs, medical apparatus, AGV robots, vehicle backup power), Lighting Systems (emergency lighting, industrial illumination, outdoor lamps, miner’s headlamps), Surveying Instruments (total stations, detectors), RFID devices (barcode scanners, portable printers, POS terminals) and other specialized equipment.

Just let us know your customized needs, and our professional engineers will assess your requirements comprehensively and offer the most suitable solution for you.

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About Lithium-ion Battery

What is Li-ion Battery?

The Development of Li-ion Battery

Li-ion Battery Classification

Li-ion Battery Classification By Shape

Li-ion Battery Applications

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